FMRI evidence for activation of multiple cortical regions in the primary auditory cortex of deaf subjects users of multichannel cochlear implants

To investigate the activation of the auditory cortex by fMRI, three deaf subjects users of the Ineraid cochlear implant participated in our study. Possible interference between fMRI acquisition and the implanted electrodes was controlled and safe experimental conditions were obtained. For each subject, electrical stimuli were applied on different intracochlear electrodes, in monopolar mode. Stimulation of each electrode was actually producing auditory sensations of different pitches, as demonstrated by psychophysical pitch-ranking measurements in the same subjects. Because deaf subjects did not hear scanner noise, the data were collected in 'silent background' conditions, i.e. as a result of pure auditory sensations. Functional maps showed activation of the primary auditory cortex, predominantly in the left hemisphere. Stimulation of each different intracochlear electrode revealed different clusters of activation. After cluster grouping, at least three regions have been identified in the auditory cortex of each subject, and comparisons with previous architectonic and functional studies are proposed. However, a tonotopic organization could not be clearly identified within each region. These arguments, obtained without interference with unwanted scanner noise, plead in favor of a functional subdivision of the primary auditory cortex into multiple cortical regions in cochlear implant users