Optimum placement of capacitor in radial distribution system using PSO algorithm

Passing power through transmission and distribution lines causes a loss of some electrical energy in these lines. The amount of these losses is more significant at the distribution level than the losses at the transmission level due to the low voltage level and high currents. According to the Electricity Distribution Company, the losses of this power are the difference between the delivered energy from the upstream and the delivered output energy downstream. If we consider at losses economically, losses are the difference between the energy bought and the energy sold. In other words, losses are equal to costs. The large cost of losses can be shown by an example