The Linguistic Blind Spot of Value-Aligned Agency, Natural and Artificial

The value-alignment problem for artificial intelligence (AI) asks how we can ensure that the 'values'—i.e., objective functions—of artificial systems are aligned with the values of humanity. In this paper, I argue that linguistic communication is a necessary condition for robust value alignment. I discuss the consequences that the truth of this claim would have for research programmes that attempt to ensure value alignment for AI systems—or, more loftily, designing robustly beneficial or ethical artificial agents