EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON YIELD PRODUCT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BIO-OIL FROM PYROLYSIS OF Spirulina platensis RESIDUE

Dependence on the use of fossil fuels in Indonesia is still quite high, especially crude oil; if no new energy reserves found, it will disrupt long-term energy availability. Biofuel is a renewable energy source derived from biomass, such as the type of microalgae spirulina platensis (SP). Solid residues from SP extraction still contained high levels of protein and carbohydrates. This solid residue can be processed by pyrolysis to produce bio-oil, water phase, charcoal, and gas. Bio-oil and gas products can use as fuel, charcoal can use for pharmaceutical needs, and the water phase as a chemical can use in food and health. The pyrolysis process carried out in a fixed-bed reactor with temperature ranging from 300-600°C. Heating was carried out by electricity through a nickel wire wrapped outside the reactor. Pyrolysis product in the form of gas condensed in the condenser, the condensate formed measured by weight. Char weight measured after the pyrolysis process completed. At the same time, non-condensable gas calculated by gravity from the initial weight difference of SPR minus liquid weight (bio-oil and water phase) and char. SPR samples were analyzed proximate and ultimate, while bio-oil products examined by the GC-MS method. The experimental results showed that the optimum pyrolysis temperature at 500ºC produced by 18.45% of bio-oil, 20% of the water phase, 32.02 of charcoal, and 29.54% of gas by weight. GC-MS results from bio-oil consisted of ketones, aliphatics, nitrogen, alcohol, acids, while PAHs, phenols, and aromatics not found