The potential of sustainable biogas production from macroalgae in Indonesia

Indonesia is the second world's major macroalgae producer after China, contributing to 28% of the global macroalgae production. Indonesia increased its macroalgae farming output from less than 4 million tons in 2010 to over 9.9 million tons in 2019. It is expected to continue rising to 13 million tons by 2024. The contribution of macroalgal products is quite significant, 60.7% of the total national aquaculture production. To achieve sustainable energy development goals in many developing countries, including Indonesia, biomass to energy technology such as the production of biogas form macroalgae has been considered one of the best options. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential application of biomass to energy technology via the production of biogas from macroalgae as an alternative source of local power generation. Indonesia's energy mix and several issues regarding macroalgae production are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, we also discussed the process of macroalgal biogas production