When in doubt, it's not out! leg-before-wicket (LBW) decision-making of elite-level cricket umpires.

This thesis aimed to develop a deeper understanding of elite-level cricket umpires’ leg-before-wicket (LBW) decisions. The thesis analysed decisions from real professional cricket matches to determine whether umpires’ decisions were biased by contextual factors such as match format, expectations, or home team advantage. This thesis also investigated the explicit decision-making expertise and beliefs of cricket umpires through interviews with elite-level officials to develop a conceptual model of LBW decisions