A risk ranking of pesticides in Irish drinking water considering chronic health effects.

This paper presents a novel scoring system which facilitates a relative ranking of pesticide risk to human health arising from contaminated drinking water. This method was developed to identify risky pesticides to better inform monitoring programmes and risk assessments. Potential risk was assessed considering pesticide use, chronic human health effects and environmental fate. Site-specific soil conditions, such as soil erodibility, hydrologic group, soil depth, clay, sand, silt and organic carbon content of soil, were incorporated to demonstrate how pesticide fate can be influenced by the areas in which they are used. The indices of quantity of use, consequence and likelihood of exposure, hazard score, and quantity-weighted hazard score were used to describe the level of concern that should be attributed to a pesticide. Metabolite toxicity and persistence were also considered in a separate scoring to highlight the contribution metabolites make to overall pesticide risk. This study presents two sets of results for 63 pesticides in an Irish case study: (1) risk scores calculated for the parent compounds only and (2) a combined pesticide-metabolite risk score. In both cases the results are assessed for two locations with differing soil and hydrological properties. The method developed in this paper can be adapted by pesticide users to assess and compare pesticide risk at site level using pesticide hazard scores. Risk managers, water quality monitors, and governmental bodies can apply this method to screen pesticides for human health risk at a regional or national level.This project is funded under the Irish EPA Research Programme 2014-2020 (Project reference number 2019-HW-LS-3). The EPA Research Programme is a Government of Ireland initiative funded by the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment. It is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environmental research.peer-reviewe