Modelling the experimental seismic out-of-plane two-way bending response of unreinforced periodic masonry panels using a non-linear discrete homogenized strategy

A non-linear discrete homogenized strategy is used to reproduce out-of-plane two-way bending shake table tests on full-scale unreinforced masonry walls. The numerical strategy represents unreinforced masonry walls as an assemblage of rigid quadrilateral plates connected through non-linear interfaces represented. The material response laws for these non-linear interfaces are derived from a homogenization procedure performed at the meso-scale by a finite-element plate model. This discrete model can simulate masonry orthotropy, full softening behaviour and failure. Bending and torsional deformation modes are represented. The performance of the numerical models in describing the response of the experimentally tested full-scale specimens is presented. The numerical strategy is then used to study the behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls in configurations hitherto untested. Such numerical results are then compared to state-of-the-art analytical approaches. Potential avenues of improvement for the implemented analytical methods are also highlighted