PERKEMBANGAN GERAKAN NASIONALISME JONG ISLAMIETEN BOND DI HINDIA BELANDA (1925-1942 M)

This paper examines the history of Jong Islemieten Bond as a nationalist movement that developed in the Dutch East Indies during the first half of the 20th century AD (1925-1942). JIB is the first Islamic student organization in the archipelago to help spread nationalism, especially among young students who will be future leaders of the nation. As a nationalist movement, it is important to study the history of JIB because of its unique style, Islam-based nationalism. This study may be an attempt to conduct a more in-depth study of the developing concept of nationalism in Indonesia to broaden the public's understanding of nationalism beyond regional nationalism (ethnic nationalism) and religious neutrality (secular nationalism), but also Islamic nationalism. In this study, sociological approach were used to further examine social action, the characters in the movement, the context of the times, and the interpretation of what happened in the history of the JIB (1925-1942 AD). To this end, Arnold J. Toynbee's "challenge and response" theory is used to analyze the background of the birth of JIB. The theory explains that every historical movement, including nationalist movements in this case, stems from a stimulus (as a challenge), which then elicits a reaction (as a response) that produces change. These responses are usually carried out by a small number of people known as minority creative groups. As for the analysis of the JIB nationalist movement and ideological development, a cultural approach with a multi-linear theory of cultural evolution is also employed. This research uses historical research methods including heuristics, source criticism, data analysis, and historiography. The results of this study show that the development of JIB as a nationalist movement is inseparable from the influence of Western education and the Islamic revival movement. From this came a creative minority (the founders of JIB) who were aware of their country's problems (colonialism). The nationalism that JIB strives for is Islamic nationalism. The focus of Islamic nationalism is not to emphasize the idea of loyalty to national identity (as in national and secular nationalism), but to emphasize the idea of loving one's homeland, thereby achieving allegiance to Allah (Allah). More specifically, Islamic nationalism can be understood in terms of two characteristics, namely, Islam’s status as an inspiration for struggle and as a unifying bond