Aims Elevated concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in patients with heart failure (HF) have been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes, but what disease mechanisms high GDF-15 concentrations represent remains unclear. Here, we aim to identify activated pathophysiological pathways related to elevated GDF-15 expression in patients with HF.Methods and results In 2279 patients with HF, we measured circulating levels of 363 biomarkers. Then, we performed a pathway over-representation analysis to identify key biological pathways between patients in the highest and lowest GDF-15 concentration quartiles. Data were validated in an independent cohort of 1705 patients with HF. In both cohorts, the strongest up-reg...
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) sup...
Aims: We aimed to assess the value of GDF-15, a stress-responsive cytokine, in predicting clinical o...
BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-responsive cytokine produced in cardi...
Aims Elevated concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in patients with heart fai...
We explored the prognostic utility of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in patients with chroni...
ObjectivesWe explored the prognostic utility of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in patients w...
Heart failure (HF) biomarker-guided therapy is a promising method, which directs to the improvement ...
Identification of individuals in the early stage of heart failure (HF) may allow earlier initiation ...
Context: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a novel cytokine showing close association wit...
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was found to be upregulated in patients with ch...
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was found to be upregulated in patients with ch...
Background: Previous studies had reported increased circulating concentrations of growth differentia...
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) sup...
Aims: We aimed to assess the value of GDF-15, a stress-responsive cytokine, in predicting clinical o...
BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-responsive cytokine produced in cardi...
Aims Elevated concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in patients with heart fai...
We explored the prognostic utility of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in patients with chroni...
ObjectivesWe explored the prognostic utility of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 in patients w...
Heart failure (HF) biomarker-guided therapy is a promising method, which directs to the improvement ...
Identification of individuals in the early stage of heart failure (HF) may allow earlier initiation ...
Context: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a novel cytokine showing close association wit...
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was found to be upregulated in patients with ch...
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was found to be upregulated in patients with ch...
Background: Previous studies had reported increased circulating concentrations of growth differentia...
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) sup...
Aims: We aimed to assess the value of GDF-15, a stress-responsive cytokine, in predicting clinical o...
BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-responsive cytokine produced in cardi...