Revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales de fútbol y fútbol sala desde la perspectiva de Mixed Methods

[spa] El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en realizar dos revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales en fútbol y fútbol sala desde la perspectiva de mixed methods. Focalizando las aportaciones realizadas desde la metodología observacional desde una perspectiva del método mixto y con el elemento vertebrador que consiste en la combinación del criterio metodológico observacional y el criterio sustantivo. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas, según PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), en varias bases de datos académicas (Web of Science, Psycinfo Scopus, Elservier API, ProQuest, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar e ISI Web of Knowledge). El primer estudio fue sobre estudios observacionales en fútbol de élite masculino, del cual se seleccionaron 94 artículos científicos de un total de 3.195 y el segundo estudio de futsal se seleccionaron 37 artículos científicos de 2410. Se revisaron diferentes aspectos relacionados con los trabajos primarios (país, autores, año de publicación, objeto de estudio y eventos observados), el núcleo de este estudio fue la revisión analítica de documentos primarios, tomando Guidelines for reporting evaluations based on observational methodology (GREOM), con el fin de identificar las características metodológicas de los trabajos publicados (tipo de observación, diseños observacionales, instrumentos observacionales, etc.). Según Creswell y Plano Clark (2011) quienes integran los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en tres posibilidades: mezclar (merging) datos de ambas procedencias; conectarlos (connect) mediante transformaciones; anidarlos (embid) entre ellos. La tesis abre nuevas perspectivas para avanzar en estudios de métodos mixtos, ya que, en varios estudios, se evidencia el connect: con la primera fase QUAL (cualitativa), la segunda QUAN (cuantitativa), y la tercera QUAL (cualitativa). Al conectarlos se genera la posibilidad de evidenciar el quantitizing que require en los mixed methods y se demuestra con el QUAL-QUAN- QUAL, que es el fundamento que permite considerar a la metodología observacional como mixed method en sí misma (Anguera, et al., 2017; Anguera y Hernández-Mendo, 2016).[eng] The objective of this thesis is to carry out two systematic reviews of observational studies in soccer and futsal from the perspective of mixed methods. Focusing on the contributions made from the observational methodology from a mixed method perspective and with the backbone that consists of the combination of the observational methodological criterion and the substantive criterion. Systematic searches were carried out according to PRISMA in several academic databases (Web of Science, Psycinfo Scopus, Elservier API, ProQuest, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar). The first study was about observational studies in male elite soccer, a total of 94 scientific articles were selected from a total of 3,195 and the second study 37 scientific articles were selected from 2,410. Although different aspects related to the primary papers are reviewed (country, authors, year of publication, object of study and observed events) the core of this study has been the analytical review of primary documents, taking as a reference Guidelines for reporting evaluations based on observational methodology (GREOM), in order to identify the methodological characteristics of the published works (type of observation, observational designs, observational instruments, etc.). As explained by Creswell and Plano Clark (2011), who integrate qualitative and quantitative data in three possibilities: mix (merging) data from both sources, connect them (connect) through transformations, and nest them (embid) between them. This thesis opens new perspectives to advance in mixed methods studies, since connect is evident in several studies: with the first phase QUAL (qualitative), the second QUAN (quantitative), and the third QUAL (qualitative). By connecting them, the possibility of evidencing the quantitizing that is required in the mixed methods is generated and it is demonstrated with the QUAL-QUAN-QUAL, which is the foundation that allows considering the observational methodology as a mixed method in itself (Anguera, et al. , 2017; Anguera and Hernández-Mendo, 2016)