International audienceThe Bouchain site, at the contact of the Ostrevant slope and the alluvial plain of the Escaut, has preserved the traces of a human activity centered on a period very little documented in the Hauts‑de‑France region: the Late Neolithic. A pluridisciplinary palaeoenvironmental study (geomorphology, palynology, malacology), strenghtened by 20 radiocarbon dates, has been carried out. It shows the development of a riverbank site, bordered by a channel in the process of being filled in by silt and then peat; the whole site being then covered by organic silts, then essentially detrital material, from the second part of the Late Neolithic to the Gallo‑Roman period. A detritical crisis is identified around 5000 cal BP, also obse...