Large deviation Local Limit Theorems and limits of biconditioned Trees and Maps

Compared to V2 we only changed the presentation: several theorems have been merged and are now stated in a unified way; also the previous section on maps has been split into a section on trees and another one on maps only; last the former technical section 4 has moved to Appendix AWe first establish new local limit estimates for the probability that a nondecreasing integer-valued random walk lies at time $n$ at an arbitrary value, encompassing in particular large deviation regimes. This enables us to derive scaling limits of such random walks conditioned by their terminal value at time $n$ in various regimes. We believe both to be of independent interest. We then apply these results to obtain invariance principles for the Lukasiewicz path of Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees conditioned on having a fixed number of leaves and of vertices at the same time, which constitutes a first step towards understanding their large scale geometry. We finally deduce from this scaling limit theorems for random bipartite planar maps under a new conditioning by fixing their number of vertices, edges, and faces at the same time. In the particular case of the uniform distribution, our results confirm a prediction of Fusy & Guitter on the growth of the typical distances and show furthermore that in all regimes, the scaling limit is the celebrated Brownian map