International audienceIf the proportion of women has increased in French engineering schools to an average of about 29% , it existes significant disparities between schools. How to account for this evolution towards a feminization of engineering professions while also a primarily professional male model seems to resist? The political will to fight against inequalities supported from the 1980s by the fear of a shortage of technicians and engineers has not erased the strenght of gender stereotypes . This contribution , synthesis of a literature review , offers some thoughts , from the social history of girls' education and gender differentiated socialization . It concludes on new perspectives that could be envisaged today.Si la proportion de...