Microbiological colonization of peripheral venous catheters : a prospective observational study in a Swedish county hospital

Background: Most peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) used in Scandinavia are fitted with an injection port, creating an open PVC system. This port is difficult to disinfect, which may lead to the introduction of micro-organisms upon use. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of microbiological colonization of the injection port and internal lumen of ported PVCs with a minimum dwell time of 48 h at sample collection. Methods: Adult patients admitted to different medical and surgical departments and the intensive care unit were invited to participate in this prospective observational study. With the PVC in situ, the injection port and internal lumen were swabbed and cultured separately. Demographic and clinical data were collected to compare patients with colonized and non-colonized PVCs. Findings: In total, 300 PVCs from 300 patients were analysed. Of these, 33 patients (11.0%) had at least one positive culture. The colonization locations were as follows: port only, 26 (8.7%); internal lumen only, 5 (1.7%); and port and internal lumen, 2 (0.7%). The colonization rate was significantly higher in the injection port than in the internal lumen (P<0.0001). A ported PVC inserted in the hand incurred a significant risk of colonization (P=0.03). The odds ratio for colonization among patients in the infectious diseases department was 0.1 (95% confidence interval 0.1-1; P<0.06) compared with patients in the medical department. Conclusion: This study showed that 11% of ported PVCs were colonized by micro-organisms, with the vast majority (8.7%) of colonization occurring in the injection port. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; ID NCT03351725