International audienceFood insecurity is a potentially uncertain, instable but also repetitive and severe phenomenon in all rural semi-arid regions of West Africa. However, it is still difficult to determine where and how it appears and whose categories of population are exposed and vulnerable to. From now on, politicians, humanitarian and technical experts are mainly basing their decisions on immediate and apparent indicators in spite of complex nature-society interactions analysis'. This is also why public and private interventions in non-food crisis context often are technically and ideologically oriented rather than locally and specifically based. Since the colonial era, there has been little change in the way to tackle rural and urban ...