Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of different components and ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant on E. palmifolia extract-loaded SNEDDS. Methods: E. palmifolia extract loaded SNEDDS was formulated from virgin coconut oil, Miglyol 812 as oil, using Tween 80 and Transutol as surfactants, as well as propylene glycol and PEG 400 as cosurfactants. The optimization design formula consisted of eight design formulas in five ratio formulas, thus a total of 40 formulas were optimized using different components and ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. These ratios used were 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, 1:4:1, as well as 1:5:1, and the formula’s components were determined based on the optimization results. Results: The optimal formula of E. palmifolia extract loaded SNEDDS had the ratio 1:1:1 (formula A) of Miglyol 812:Tween 80:PEG 400 and 1:3:1 (formula E) of Miglyol 812:Tween 80:propylene glycol. Meanwhile, the optimal formulation characteristics showed a transmittance value above 90%, pH range of 5.10–5.20, 2.21–14.51 cP viscosity, emulsification time below 120 s, and particle size of 24.71–136.77 nm. Conclusions: The optimal formula of E. palmifolia extractloaded SNEDDS, were obtained using different components and ratios. These are Miglyol:Tween 80:PEG 400 at a component ratio of 1:1:1 (formula A) and Miglyol 812:Tween 80:propylene glycol at a component ratio of 1:3:1 (formula E)