Analysis of stimulant prescriptions and drug-related poisoning risk among persons receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder.

Key Points: Question: How are use of prescription stimulants associated with treatment outcomes in persons with opioid use disorder (OUD)? Findings: In this cohort study of 22 946 persons with OUD receiving buprenorphine treatment, stimulant treatment days were associated with 19% increased odds of drug-related poisoning and 36% decreased risk of attrition from buprenorphine treatment. Meaning: These findings suggest that among persons with OUD who have experienced a drug-related poisoning, stimulant use is associated with a modest increased risk of drug-related poisoning that may be offset by longer duration of buprenorphine treatment, which is associated with protection against overdose