National audienceWith the precautionary principle, knowledge, risk assessment and action come together. Considered from an ethical and political point of view, this encompassing principle is a challenge for institutions and the general public, both in debates and when it comes to acting upon it in concrete settings. In this contribution, we attempt to describe the problems of its implementation. With a view to the ethical problems at stake, this leads us to an effort to better appreciate the renewed attention paid to the setup of deliberation about critical ethical issues and the level of acceptable risks.Le principe de précaution engage les rapports entre la connaissance, les risques et l'action. Appréhendé d'un point de vue simultanément ...