First Episode Psychosis: An IPA Exploration of the Experiences of Partners.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered to be a debilitating psychiatric condition, characterised by a cluster of symptoms and behaviours including bursts of outrage, an intolerance of being alone, persistent fear of abandonment, volatile interpersonal relationships and lack of a sense of self. Attachment theory has provided an influential framework for studying development, relationships, personality and psychopathology. There is a wealth of literature emphasising the significance of childhood experiences in the aetiology of BPD. The following literature review investigates the extent to which attachment theory and research may explain the development of BPD. Following a brief overview of Bowlby’s theory of attachment, I discuss research which suggests that the symptoms and behaviours of BPD manifest from childhood patterns of interaction with primary caregivers. I believe that while attachment appears to be the overarching mechanism underpinning the development of BPD, a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social influences play a role too. I end the review by discussing some of the broader implications for clinical practice focusing on the therapeutic relationship, the impact of stigma and service development