Glutamatergic synaptic transmission, targeting and distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor in neuronal cells

Stránka 7│146 ABSTRACT An evolutionary developed eukaryotic proteins for transformation of extracellular signal into intracellular targets are receptors. There are known receptors integrated to intracellular organelle membranes e.g. inositol-3-phosphate receptor (Inositol-3-phoshpate receptor; IP3R) specific for endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear receptors e.g. receptors for gonad hormones transforming the intracellular signals, however the vast majority of receptors are present on plasmatic membrane and recognize an extracellular signals. High percentage of these receptors are included in family of proteins called G-protein coupled receptors, (G-protein coupled receptors, GPCRs) due to their signal mediators heterotrimeric G-proteins. Each receptor of this family has the preference to specific type of G-protein influencing the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ , cyclic adenosinmonophosphate or inositol-3- phosphate. Some of them are able to signalise by dual manner or through G-protein independent pathways. Independently on cellular target membrane, GPCRs integration into membranes is enables by the content of GPRCs-specific 7-transmembrane domain (7-transmembrane domain, 7TM) which is consist of hydrophobic amino acids. The relation between the structure and functionality is very tightly related. Many..