A Review of BLDC Motor: State of Art, Advanced Control Techniques, and Applications

The shortage of biofuel and the high tailpipe emission from vehicles demand the adoption of green energy. The development of Electric Vehicles (EVs) represents a watershed moment in the effort to go green. The EVs have a low mileage range and are expensive due to the sophisticated design and control mechanism of motors, which has hampered their popularity. Recently the interest in developing the new age EV grade motors with high dynamic characteristics is increased. This paper reviews the recent advancements in EV motors, Control techniques, and the challenges of various e-motors. The technical performance and cost of different electric motors (e-motors) used in EVs are compared, and the challenges are listed. The Permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDC) provides high torque density, Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) delivers high efficiency, and switched reluctance motor (SRM) has a low cost however all of these have high torque ripple, and though the Induction motor (IM) has the advantage of low ripple and low cost, nevertheless the efficiency is poor. In addition to a detailed electric motor (e-motor) design process, future research possibilities in achieving long-range and low costs are also stated