The aim of this work is to develop a signal processing methodology in order to improve fine studies of the cardiac signal, and specially of P wave, particularly focusing the measurement of shape variations. After a review of cardiac signal characteristics, a description of its physiological and pathological variability and of the different recording techniques, a critical study of cardiac signal processing methods is performed: noise reduction, specific filtering, signal averaging and jitter estimation. An interactive and practical software for ECO, particularly devoted to P wave studies, has been developed, with special algorithms of preprocessing and processing, concerning signal averaging procedure and shape comparison. In fact, the most...