On the syzygies and Alexander polynomials of nodal hypersurfaces

The second version: some minor changes made and Example 4.3 involving Kummer surfaces with 16 nodes addedInternational audienceWe give sharp lower bounds for the degree of the syzygies involving the partial derivatives of a homogeneous polynomial defining a nodal hypersurface. The result gives information on the position of the singularities of a nodal hypersurface expressed in terms of defects or superabundances. The case of Chebyshev hypersurfaces is considered as a test for this result and leads to a potentially infinite family of nodal hypersurfaces having nontrivial Alexander polynomials