Innovative scanning electron microscopic investigation in blood samples of patients affected by leukaemia: A physical-chemical-biological approach

The study proposes an innovative, interdisciplinary observation on blood samples of patients coming from the region Marche (Italy) suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) by means of a scanning electron microscope coupled with an X-ray microprobe of an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope. A novel protocol of blood preparation was studied and prepared to identify exogenous, potentially toxic foreign bodies coming from an environmental contamination. The results on the four different blood fractions of 38 blood samples (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma) indicate that the circulating blood of leukaemic patients shows the systematic presence of physical contaminants, with a frequency and concentration which are statistically meaningful as compared to the healthy controls. The chemical compositions of the particles were identified as well as the frequency of the elements they were composed of. The analysis of these chemical compositions demonstrated that these patients had undergone a remarkable environmental, occupational, industrial exposure at some time. A possible pathological mechanism based on a nano-bio-interaction between the internalized environmental particulate matter and the blood components is hypothesized and discusse