The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos

[EN] The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with 6200 optical modules comprising a total of 200,000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is esti- mated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a 5 ¿ discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud (60 kpc). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to deter- mine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few millisec- onds precision for sources up to 5¿8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock insta- bility if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3¿5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT¿s capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented.X The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Junta de Andalucia (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR), Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia (ref. GRISO-LIA/2018/119) and GenT (ref. CIDEGENT/2018/034 and CIDE-GENT/2019/043) programs, La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 713673), Spain. This work has also received funding from the European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant agreement no 739560.Aiello, S.; Albert, A.; Garre, SA.; Aly, Z.; Ambrosone, A.; Ameli, F.; Andre, M.... (2021). The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos. The European Physical Journal C. 81(5):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09187-511981