How do online learning environment stimulations affect learning involvement determinants in the setting of COVID-19? Perspectives on the SOR concept

At the beginnings of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic altered the traditional teaching in order for the most school kids all across the globe, and online learning at homes has emerged as a growing phenomenon. This article investigates the link between both the interpersonal referential, considered proximity, and perceptions of control, as well as the educational involvement of Universities Learners, using the stimuli–organism–responses (S-O-R) type as a framework. According to the findings of this research, which was based on information from 378 university learners who participated in online learning, reported proximity, subjective norm, and interpersonal referential are all beneficial to learners' self-oriented and well-being, hence increasing their excitement for instruction. The goal is to help surveyors, teachers, developers, and others in the identification of effectiveness approaches to conceive and assess learners’ participation in e-learning courses and programs