Histomorphometrical changes of placenta in fetal growth restriction

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, carrying a 20% recurrence rate. The placental disease is a cardinal factor among FGR underlying processes. The examination of the placenta in utero as well as postpartum, gives valuable information about the state of the fetal well-being. Material and methods: 50 placental samples from normal pregnancy and 50 FGR placental samples were taken after taking informed consent form. Placenta was washed thoroughly under tap water and observed for any macroscopic pathology. Results: Total no. of villi and volume of intervillous space was 76.57 % and 12.56% in FGR. Dense collagen fibers within villous stroma and around the fetal blood capillaries, significance increase in the mean number of syncytial knots & mean number of collagen fibers was observed in FGR group, when compared with normal group. Conclusion: More number of syncytial knots, dense collagen fibres within villous stroma and area of collagen fiber was significantly more in FGR when compared to normal. Macroscopic and microscopic examination is an accurate way to understand FGR for better management. Placental microscopic changes reflect severity of FGR which has big role in fetal growth