Neurotoxin models and treatments of Parkinson’s disease: A review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurological illness that manifests itself sporadically. The destruction of dopaminergic neuronal cells in the substantia nigra is the primary cause of PD. The cause of PD is unknown, while its pathogenesis is becoming to be recognized as a complex cascade of harmful elements. The majority of insights regarding PD pathogenesis reported evidence of experimental PD models, particularly those caused by neurotoxins. Although many natural and synthetic chemicals have negative effects on neuronal cells of the dopaminergic region, only a few are employed in living animal studies to mimic some of the symptoms of PD. Therefore, more studies are required to better understand the causes of PD and select better neurotoxin models in animals. In this review, we discussed the treatment drugs and animal induced model (neurotoxin model) including MPTP, rotenone,6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), manganese, and paraquat for Parkinson’s disease. We also discussed the neuropathological disease stages and telemedicine current status for PD