Occurrence of oral mucosal lesions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A hospital based study

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which leads to many complications including those in the oral cavity. Oral mucosal lesions are one of them. The study was conducted to investigate the various oral mucosal alterations in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare them with control subjects. Material and methods: An observational case–control study was carried out at Dental outpatient department of MGM Medical College & Hospital, Jamshedpur. It involved 74 diabetic mellitus type 2 patients and 74 non- diabetic control subjects. Complete case history was recorded with thorough clinical examination using specially designed case history format. Extraoral and intraoral examinations were performed using a mouth mirror, probe, tweezers and gauze. Result: With respect to specific oral mucosal lesions, Coated tongue and Xerostomia were the most prevalent among the Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. A highly significant differences found for Coated tongue (p = 0.000) and Xerostomia (p = 0.001) among the cases and controls. Fissured tongue, lingual varicosity, melanin pigmentation and frictional keratosis found to be more in Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients than control subjects but the differences were not significant