Assessment of some immune markers in typhoid-patients: A case control study

A case-control study was carried out in the General Teaching Hospital in Balad City, Iraq. Eighty-eight male and female were included in this study; 58 typhoid-patients infected with S.typhi and 30 healthy individuals as controls. Acute typhoid-patients have been diagnosed according to positive blood culture and IgM and chronic typhoid-patients have been diagnosed according to positive stool culture and IgG. Four immunological markers have been measured in all individuals' serum; interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 17 (IL-17), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD 8) and cluster of differentiation 22 (CD 22) using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). We diagnosed 32 and 26 patients infected with acute and chronic infection respectively, the results proved a significant increase (P-value=<0.05) in all markers in acute and chronic infections as compare with control. A significant differences P-value (0.0003 and <0.0001) has been proved between acute and chronic infection in IL-4 and IL-17 respectively. While, there was no significant differences P-value (0.13 and 0.32) between acute and chronic infection in CD8 and CD22 respectively. Conclusions: IL-4, IL-17, CD8 and CD22 serum levels increase in typhoid-patients caused by S.typhi in humans