Effect of exposing the seeds of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to diode laser rays on the germination, growth of hypocotyl stems callus of their seedlings and its content of lycopene

The current study succeeded in demonstrating the role of red laser beams at a wavelength of 650 nm and a power of 50 milliwatts / cm2 when exposed to the seeds of the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum L. at times of 0,5,10,15 minutes on their germination rate and seedlings growth, and then estimating the growth of its callus and its content of lycopene. Also the results showed that the time period of 10 minutes exceeded others in encouraging seed germination with a full percentage (100%) after 5 days of planting them on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with distinct growth of its seedlings, whose roots and vegetative total lengths reached 3.9, 7.1 cm after 20 days compared to seeds not exposed to radiation, the percentage reached 80% after 7 days, with seedlings growing at a rate of 2.3 and 3.4 cm, respectively. The study was able to initiate callus by cutting stems of its sub cotyledon seedlings on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg /l TDZ and 0.5 mg/l NAA