«Puedo prometer y prometo». Estudio comparado de las medidas programáticas para las elecciones generales en España (2019) en busca del pacto de Estado para la educación

Is a State Pact for Education in Spain possible? Since 1978 there has been a succession of seven educational laws of an organic nature, enacted and repealed according to the political sign of the party that entered the Government. At present, the new politics has put an end to the current bipartisan model, forcing the parties to establish negotiations in order to achieve power. In order to carry out this research, four units of comparison have been developed that serve to analyze the electoral programs of the parties with the greatest representation in Congress after the last general elections held in November 2019. The objective is to find points in common that could favor consensus or, on the contrary, others that show evidence of the lack of agreements. The selected comparative units are related to proposals that have raised parliamentary or social debate and that, therefore, may hinder the negotiation processes: financing of the educational system, educational inequality, educational freedom and vehicular language of instruction. The article begins by addressing from a historical perspective two key aspects, the left-right ideological confrontation, so marked in Spanish democracy, and the failed attempts of pact carried out in Spain, which allow us to understand the factors that have led to the still non-existence of a state pact. The study continues with a detailed analysis of the political measures on education proposed by the selected parties from the perspective of the comparison units designed. The political polarization within the left-right spectrum, the social pressures and the historical weight of different organizations make us foresee the few possibilities that currently exist in Spain when it comes to reaching a state pact for and in favor of education.¿Es posible un Pacto de Estado por la Educación en España? Desde 1978 se han sucedido siete leyes educativas con carácter orgánico en función del signo político del partido que entrara en el Gobierno. En la actualidad, la nueva política ha puesto fin al modelo bipartidista vigente obligando a los partidos a establecer negociaciones con el fin de alcanzar el poder. Mediante el estudio de los programas electorales en las últimas elecciones generales en España (2019) se intenta responder a la pregunta planteada. El artículo comienza abordando desde una perspectiva histórica dos aspectos clave, la confrontación ideológica y los intentos fallidos de pacto llevados a cabo en España, para proseguir con el estudio detallado de las medidas políticas en materia educativa planteadas por los partidos con mayor representación parlamentaria en el Congreso a fin de encontrar convergencias que abrieran una vía hacia el tan ansiado pact