abstract P14B-01 INVITEDInternational audienceThe radar techniques are widely used in the planetary exploration to map the surfaces. The observations from Earth or from spacecrafts were developed during the last decades. However, the idea to use this technique to study the subsurface started to develop during the last 10-15 years. The ability of the radio waves to penetrate the ice, permafrost and arid surface was at the origins of the development of the Ground Penetrating Radars (GPR) with a large number of the scientific work and industrial applications on Earth. The measurements from the surface can not replace the global mapping from orbiting platforms. In this presentation, on the example of MARSIS radar on the Mars Express mission mea...