The thesis presented here takes place within the framework of the seismology of the Sun and stars, in a transition period between the good knowledge of the Sun thanks to the helioseismology and a current development of the asteroseismology, and, between a static and a dynamic vision of stars. The purpose of my work was to participate in this effort to exceed the static vision of the stellar inside and through the development of data analysis tools for space missions. So the current standard solar model, the theoretical representation of the solar interior, presents limits, emphases by a recent revision of its abundances. We show that the discrepancy between the standard model and the seismic observations is strongly degraded, motivating the...