The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)
- De Graauw, Th.
- Helmich, F. P.
- Phillips, T. G.
- Stutzki, J.
- Caux, E.
- Whyborn, N. D.
- Dieleman, P.
- Roelfsema, P. R.
- Aarts, H.
- Assendorp, R.
- Bachiller, R.
- Baechtold, W.
- Barcia, A.
- Beintema, D. A.
- Belitsky, V.
- Benz, A. O.
- Bieber, R.
- Boogert, A.
- Borys, C.
- Bumble, B.
- Cais, Ph.
- Caris, M.
- Cerulli-Irelli, P.
- Chattopadhyay, G.
- Cherednichenko, S.
- Ciechanowicz, M.
- Coeur-Joly, O.
- Comito, C.
- Cros, A.
- De Jonge, A.
- De Lange, G.
- Delforges, B.
- Delorme, Y.
- Den Boggende, T.
- Desbats, J.M.
- Diez-González, C.
- Di Giorgio, A. M.
- Dubbeldam, L.
- Edwards, K.
- Eggens, M.
- Erickson, N.
- Evers, J.
- Fich, M.
- Finn, T.
- Franke, B.
- Gaier, T.
- Gal, C.
- Gao, J. R.
- Gallego, J.-D.
- Gauffre, S.
- Gill, J. J.
- Glenz, S.
- Golstein, H.
- Goulooze, H.
- Gunsing, T.
- Güsten, R.
- Hartogh, P.
- Hatch, W. A.
- Higgins, R.
- Honingh, E. C.
- Huisman, R.
- Jackson, B. D.
- Jacobs, H.
- Jacobs, K.
- Jarchow, C.
- Javadi, H.
- Jellema, W.
- Justen, M.
- Karpov, A.
- Kasemann, C.
- Kawamura, J.
- Keizer, G.
- Kester, D.
- Klapwijk, T. M.
- Klein, Thierry
- Kollberg, E.
- Kooi, J.
- Kooiman, P.-P.
- Kopf, B.
- Krause, M.
- Krieg, J.-M.
- Kramer, C.
- Kruizenga, B.
- Kuhn, T.
- Laauwen, W.
- Lai, R.
- Larsson, B.
- LeDuc, H. G.
- Leinz, C.
- Lin, R. H.
- Liseau, R.
- Liu, G. S.
- Loose, A.
- López-Fernandez, I.
- Lord, S.
- Luinge, W.
- Marston, A.
- Martín-Pintado, J.
- Maestrini, A.
- Maiwald, F. W.
- McCoey, C.
- Mehdi, I.
- Megej, A.
- Melchior, M.
- Meinsma, L.
- Merkel, H.
- Michalska, M.
- Monstein, C.
- Moratschke, D.
- Morris, P.
- Muller, H.
- Murphy, J. A.
- Naber, A.
- Natale, E.
- Nowosielski, W.
- Nuzzolo, F.
- Olberg, M.
- Olbrich, M.
- Orfei, R.
- Orleanski, P.
- Ossenkopf, V.
- Peacock, T.
- Pearson, J. C.
- Peron, I.
- Phillip-May, S.
- Piazzo, L.
- Planesas, P.
- Rataj, M.
- Ravera, L.
- Risacher, C.
- Salez, M.
- Samoska, L. A.
- Saraceno, P.
- Schieder, R.
- Schlecht, E.
- Schlöder, F.
- Schmülling, F.
- Schultz, M.
- Schuster, K.
- Siebertz, O.
- Smit, H.
- Szczerba, R.
- Shipman, R.
- Steinmetz, E.
- Stern, J. A.
- Stokroos, M.
- Teipen, R.
- Teyssier, D.
- Tils, T.
- Trappe, N.
- Van Baaren, C.
- Van Leeuwen, B.-J.
- Van De Stadt, H.
- Visser, H.
- Wildeman, K. J.
- Wafelbakker, C. K.
- Ward, J. S.
- Wesselius, P.
- Wild, W.
- Wulff, S.
- Wunsch, H.-J.
- Tielens, X.
- Zaal, P.
- Zirath, H.
- Zmuidzinas, J.
- Zwart, F.
DOIAbstract
International audienceAims: This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods: The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of...
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