Influence of intense scavenging on Pa-Th fractionation in the wake of Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean)

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Roy-Barman, M. Freydier, R. van Beek, P. Souhaut, M. Jeandel, C. IPEV (Institut Paul Emile Victor); INSU/CNRS; LEGOS (Toulouse); CNRS-INSU We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Marion Dufresne, the PI of KEOPS project Stephane Blain and the chief scientist Bernard Queguiner. We would like to thank Lionel Scouarnec and Christophe Guillerm (INSU) for their help with the in-situ pumps. We are grateful to Jean-Louis Reyss who enabled us to achieve the gamma measurements at LSM. We are especially thankful to Roger Francois and Walter Geibert for providing the Pa spikes allowing us to achieve this study. We thank Catherine Pradoux for her help in the clean laboratory. We are very grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their critical and fruitful comments. This work was supported by the IPEV (Institut Paul Emile Victor), the INSU/CNRS and the LEGOS (Toulouse).The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. 0 COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH GOTTINGEN BIOGEOSCIENCESDissolved and particulate excess (230)Th and (231)Pa concentrations (noted (230)Th(xs) and (231)Pa(xs) respectively) and (231)Pa(xs)/(230)Th(xs) activity ratios were investigated on and out of the Kerguelen plateau (Southern Ocean) in the framework of the Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study project in order to better understand the influence of particle flux and particle chemistry and advection on the scavenging of (231)Pa. In the wake of Kerguelen, particulate (231)Pa(xs) is relatively abundant compared to its content in the dissolved phase. This, together with the low fractionation observed between (230)Th and (231)Pa (F(Th/Pa) ranging from 0.06 +/- 0.01 to 1.6 +/- 0.2) reflects the domination of the biogenic silica in the particle pool. Along the eastern escarpment of the Kerguelen plateau, the strong (231)Pa(xs) horizontal gradient in the deep waters highlights the intense removal of (231)Pa at depth, as already observed for (230)Th(xs). This local boundary scavenging was attributed to re-suspension of opal-rich particles by nepheloid layers, resulting in fractionation factors F(Th/Pa) <= 1 along the Kerguelen plateau slope. Therefore, both the composition (biogenic opal) and the flux (intense along the margin) of particles control the scavenging of the two radionuclides in the Kerguelen wake. The modelling of (231)Pa distribution with an advection-scavenging model demonstrates that lateral advection of open ocean water on the Kerguelen plateau could supply most of the (231)Pa, which is then efficiently scavenged on the highly productive plateau, as previously proposed for (230)Th(xs). It stresses that lateral advection can play a significant role in the overall budget of particle reactive trace elements in a coastal-open ocean system