An Integer Precise Point Positioning technique for sea surface observations using a GPS buoy

ISI Document Delivery No.: 129XZ Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 41 Cited References: Altamimi Z, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V112, DOI 10.1029/2007JB004949 Bertiger W, 2010, J GEODESY, V84, P327, DOI 10.1007/s00190-010-0371-9 Bock H, 2009, J GEODESY, V83, P1083, DOI 10.1007/s00190-009-0326-1 Boehm J, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, DOI 10.1029/2005GL025546 Boehm J, 2007, J GEODESY, V81, P679, DOI 10.1007/s00190-007-0135-3 Boehm J, 2006, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V111, DOI 10.1029/2005JB003629 Bonnefond P, 2003, MAR GEOD, V26, P261, DOI 10.1080/01490410390251623 Bonnefond P, 2010, MAR GEOD, V33, P80, DOI 10.1080/01490419.2010.487790 Bonnefond P., 2010, COASTAL ALTIMETRY, P566 Bonnefond P, 2003, MAR GEOD, V26, P319, DOI 10.1080/01490410390256673 Bouin M.N., 2009, J GEODESY, V84, P65 Bouin MN, 2009, J GEODESY, V83, P1203, DOI 10.1007/s00190-009-0338-x Choi KH, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, DOI 10.1029/2004GL021621 Cretaux JF, 2011, MAR GEOD, V34, P291, DOI 10.1080/01490419.2011.585110 Fund F., 2010, GPS SOLUT, V15, P39 Geng JH, 2010, J GEODESY, V84, P569, DOI 10.1007/s00190-010-0399-x Haines BJ, 2010, MAR GEOD, V33, P91, DOI 10.1080/01490419.2010.491028 Herring T.A., 2009, REFERENCE MANUAL GAM, P182 Kouba J., 2009, GUIDE USING INT GNSS Kouba J, 2009, J GEODESY, V83, P199, DOI 10.1007/s00190-008-0229-6 Laurichesse Denis, 2009, Navigation. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, V56 Lescarmontier L., J GLACIOLOGY Loyer S, 2012, J GEODESY, V86, P991, DOI 10.1007/s00190-012-0559-2 Loyer S., 2008, NIVMER08 REPORT Martin Miguez B., 2012, SCI MARINA, V76 Marty J.C., 2011, ESA P WPP326 31 AUG McCarthy D.D., 2011, IERS CONV 2010 Melbourne W.G., 1985, P 1 INT S PREC POS G, P373 Saastamoinen J, 1973, B GEOD, V107, P13, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF02522083 Testut L., 2010, 2010 OSTST M LISB PO Testut L., 2008, NIVMBER 08 DDU REPOR Testut L, 2006, OCEAN DYNAM, V56, P464, DOI 10.1007/s10236-005-0056-8 Watson C., 2003, ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION, V26, P285 Watson C., 2004, AUSTR MAR GEOD, V27, P107 Watson C, 2010, GEOPHYS J INT, V182, P781, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04640.x Watson C, 2011, MAR GEOD, V34, P242, DOI 10.1080/01490419.2011.584834 Weinbach U, 2011, ADV SPACE RES, V47, P229, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.031 Wubbena G, 1985, P 1 INT S PREC POS G, P403 Yang YX, 2010, J GEODESY, V84, P373, DOI 10.1007/s00190-010-0374-6 Zheng DW, 2005, J GEODESY, V79, P363, DOI 10.1007/s00190-005-0474-x Zumberge J.F., 1997, J GEOPHYS RES, V102, pB03 Fund, F. Perosanz, F. Testut, L. Loyer, S. 2 ELSEVIER SCI LTD OXFORD ADV SPACE RESGPS data dedicated to sea surface observation are usually processed using differential techniques. Unfortunately, the precision of resulting kinematic positions is baseline-length dependent. So, high precision sea surface observations using differential GPS techniques are limited to coasts, lakes, and rivers. Recent improvements in GPS satellite products (orbits, clocks, and phase biases) make phase ambiguity fixing at the zero difference level achievable and opens up the observation of the sea surface without geographical constraints. This paper recalls the concept of the Integer Precise Point Positioning technique and discusses the precision of GPS buoy positioning. A sequential version of the GINS software has been implemented to achieve single epoch GPS positioning. We used 1 Hz data from a two week GPS campaign conducted in the Kerguelen Islands. A GPS buoy has been moored close to a radar gauge and 90 m away from a permanent GPS station. This infrastructure offers the opportunity to compare both kinematic Integer Precise Point Positioning and classical differential GPS positioning techniques to in situ radar gauge data. We found that Precise Point Positioning results are not significantly biased with respect to radar gauge data and that horizontal time series are consistent with differential processing at the sub-centimetre precision level. Nevertheless, standard deviations of height time series with respect to radar gauge data are typically [4-5] cm. The dominant driver for noise at this level is attributed to errors in tropospheric estimates which propagate into position solutions. (C) 2012 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved