URBAN LAND TENURE IN MOROCCO Legal and institutional dysfunctions and mitigation measures

Abstract Land is a decisive factor in the organization of urban land. Its management is not subject to global agreement. It cannot be the expression of a socio-economic optimum shared by all actors, given their diverse and divergent interests.Goal and objectives:The legal and institutional dysfunctions linked to the land question in Morocco are multiple. At the legal level, the rule of law is generally a colonial legacy of a palliative nature. It does not respond to complex and changing land issues.At the institutional level, the dysfunctions imply an incoherence of public action.Methodology:The fragmentation of the system of actors leads to inconsistent actions. The inertia of the State's action in the face of urban challenges is obvious. This implies the deficiency of urban land governance. There is a lack of an effective land policy and the pre-eminence of sectorial policies.Reforms are necessary to initiate a renewal of public action on urban land. This reflection notes elements of hope arising from certain legal texts relating in particular to the management of collective land, the land regime of territorial authorities and investment. Results:The renewal of urban land governance must be considered in a systemic framework. It is necessary to rethink the land administration, regulate the land management system and take into consideration a number of recurrent recommendations. The suggestions focus on institutional redeployment, the reorganisation of the roles of actors and the adoption of technical, legal, economic and operational tools, mechanisms and measures..Key words : Land Tenure, Urban Planning, Public Policy, Public Actors, Dysfunctions, Reforms