Cascading water underneath Wilkes Land, East Antarctic ice sheet, observed using altimetry and digital elevation models

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Berthier, E. Remy, F. French Space Agency (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNES through the TOSCA; Programme National de Teledetection Spatiale; CNES through ISIS [639]; Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) through the SUMER [ANR-12-BS06-0018]; Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) through the ADAGe [ANR-09-SYSC-001] Comments by reviewers S. Carter and N. Ross led to great improvement the manuscript. We are also thankful to R. Rosenau, T. Scambos and S. Ligtenberg for sharing data and/or discussion. T. Flament's PhD grant is funded by the French Space Agency (CNES) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). E. Berthier acknowledges support from the CNES through the TOSCA and from the Programme National de Teledetection Spatiale. SPOT5 images and DEMs were available at reduced cost thanks to support from CNES through ISIS project 639. This study was partially funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) through the SUMER project no. ANR-12-BS06-0018 and the ADAGe project no. ANR-09-SYSC-001. 0 COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH GOTTINGEN CRYOSPHEREWe describe a major subglacial lake drainage close to the ice divide in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, and the subsequent cascading of water underneath the ice sheet toward the coast. To analyse the event, we combined a data from several sources and subglacial topography. We estimated the total volume of water that drained from Lake Cook(E2) by differencing digital elevation models (DEM) derived from ASTER and SPOT5 stereo imagery acquired in January 2006 and February 2012. At 5.2 +/- 1.5 km(3), this is the largest single subglacial drainage event reported so far in Antarctica. Elevation differences between ICESat laser altimetry spanning 2003-2009 and the SPOT5 DEM indicate that the discharge started in November 2006 and lasted approximately 2 years. A 13m uplift of the surface, corresponding to a refilling of about 0.6 +/- 0.3 km(3), was observed between the end of the discharge in October 2008 and February 2012. Using the 35-day temporal resolution of Envisat radar altimetry, we monitored the subsequent filling and drainage of connected subglacial lakes located downstream of Cook(E2). The total volume of water traveling within the theoretical 500-km-long flow paths computed with the BEDMAP2 data set is similar to the volume that drained from Lake Cook(E2), and our observations suggest that most of the water released from Lake Cook(E2) did not reach the coast but remained trapped underneath the ice sheet. Our study illustrates how combining multiple remote sensing techniques allows monitoring of the timing and magnitude of subglacial water flow beneath the East Antarctic ice sheet