Recent advances in circular bioeconomy

The progressively growing patterns of global population, urbanization, industrialization, environmental degradation and associated depletion of natural reserves are paving the way towards the conservation and recycling of resources. Contrary to the traditional linear economy, based on procurement-production-usage-disposal, the novel circular economy model corresponds to sustainable flow of materials, products and energy, in terms of growth-manufacturing-utilization-restoration. Likewise, bioeconomy deals with the production and subsequent conversion of renewable biological residues into bioenergy and value-added products. Accordingly, circular bioeconomy constitutes the integration of circular economy and bioeconomy for the sustainable and cascading use of bioresources into reusable/recyclable bio-based products. In addition to biomass, the organic waste containing plentiful amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and other essential substances can be efficiently converted into useful and eco-friendly products. Therefore, circular bioeconomy represents a promising and effective strategy for resolving the global issues of food scarcity, constant dependence on fossil fuels, waste management, energy deficit, limited employment opportunities and environmental pollution. Nevertheless, limitations in supply chain, technological advancement, legislative measures and consumer compliance necessitate thorough consideration for the implementation of circular bioeconomy approach in various sectors of socioeconomic significance