We address statistical models for tree-indexed data.Tree-indexed data can be seen as a generalization of path-indexed data since directed path graphs are directed tree graphs where there is at most one child per vertex.In the context of the Virtual Plants team, host team of this thesis, applications of interest focus on plant development and its modulation by environmental and genetic factors.We thus focus on plant developmental applications, both at the microscopic level with the study of the cell lineage in the biological tissue responsible for the plant growth, and at the macroscopic level with the mechanism of production of branches. The catalog of models available for tree-indexed data is far less important than the one available for p...