Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in urban and rural areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Background: CVDs are a major public health concern in Pakistan. The major CVD risk factors are age, gender, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. However, prevalence and risk factors associated with population of urban and rural Hyderabad are unexplored. This study was set up to study CVD among population of Hyderabad.  Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 304 participants living in the urban and rural areas of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Out of 304, 161 were men and 143 were women with age range from 30 to 70 years. Data was collected through interview based questionnaire. Weight and height were measured for calculation of BMI. Systolic Blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was measured using sphygmomanometer. Biochemical analysis was carried out for the assessment of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Triglycerides (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low density Lipoproteins (LDL) using standard kit methods. Ethical consent  obtained before collection of data. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Hyperlipidemia was highly prevalent CVD risk factor particularly increased LDL 61.2%, followed by hypertension 46.8%, Obesity 14.8% and hyperglycemia 8.8%. Except hyperlipidemia, which was higher in women 63.6%, men had higher prevalence of obesity 17.4%, hypertension 48.4% and hyperglycemia 9.3%. Participants from urban area had higher prevalence of hypertension 47.3%, hyperglycemia 9.7% and hyperlipidemia 62.4%. However, Obesity was slightly higher 16.6% in rural population. Conclusion: This study indicates Men had higher prevalence of CVD risk factors, and according to geographic location, urbanized population based higher prevalence of CVD risk factors