Introduction: Does a National Model Exist Which Favors Trade Performance?

The previous parts (Parts I and III) reveal the multiplicity of organization models existing in the wine sector. Choosing the degree of vertical integration therefore appears as a crucial factor for these organization models (Part IV). At present we need to appraise the efficiency of these models. The key question to be asked revolves around the existence of a model which will dominate the others in terms of efficiency and economic performance, a model toward which all wine companies should eventually converge. This question is particularly relevant in Europe where the global model is heavily based upon the collective management of the company’s reputation through the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), small-scale properties and upstream rather than downstream integration. (...