The influence of music on cardiac function in hypertensive patients

Introduction. It is estimated that approximately 26% of the global population (972 million people) suffer from high blood pressure (HBP). Due to the increase in living standards, and other risk factors, morbidity is expected to increase to 29% by 2025. In the fight against this disease, one of the potential weapons is considered to be music therapy. Music therapy has its origins in ancient Greece, when Pythagoras used music in the treatment of physical and mental illness. Around 400 BC, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, used to play music to the mentally ill patients to relieve their pain. Aim of study. This meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of music on blood pressure and heart rate, as well as objectively assess the effects of music therapy in patients with hypertension. Methods and materials. Using the keywords ``music therapy, hypertension, heart rate", we identified 2075 studies on the following platforms: Research Gate, National Library of Medicine, Deutsch Aerteblatt International, Science Direct. Out of all the articles, we excluded duplicates and studies published prior to 2010. Of the remaining 484, 320 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract, 13 were excluded due to the age of the participants, 8 due to insufficient results, 2 studies were done on non-human subjects, 19 were meta-analyzes, 97 were excluded due to other reasons detected during editing. In the study we included 3 articles. Results. Researchers Imtiyaz and Moniruddin conducted a study on 30 pre-hypertensive people, 15 of whom were in the experimental group. He observed that Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) decreased by 8.73 mmHg and Heart Rate (HR) by 6.42. Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) decreased by only 1,44. The control group had insignificant changes. Supap Im-Oun conducted the study on 120 people, of which 60 in the experimental group, all being diagnosed with grade 2 hypertension. He observed a decrease in SBP by 11.43 mmHg and DBP by 8.58. Another study was conducted by Trappe and Voit. They had 120 participants, 60 of whom were in the control group, and the other 60 were divided into 3 groups, each group listening to different songs. There was a significant decrease in BP of people who listened to classical music, but those who listened to pop music had insignificant results. Conclusion. Instrumental music does have an influence on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive patients