The deinstitutionalization of minds : what does deinstitutionalization mean for Bulgarian social workers

This study explored Bulgarian social worker’s attitudes toward the mentally ill and the Bulgarian state policy of deinstitutionalization of mental health treatment and social care. Social workers are a major stakeholder in the deinstitutionalization process and a major source of support for the mentally ill, however, research on Bulgarian social workers’ attitudes is scarce. Eighteen Bulgarian social workers from psychiatric treatment facilities and social care agencies were interviewed individually and audiotaped. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts yielded ten final themes. Participants described the mentally ill as abandoned by society and their own families, stigmatized, and in need of intensive, varied and mostly practical support. Participants perceived the deinstitutionalization process as stalled because no change had taken place. Participants indicate that there were not enough effective services in the community. According to the participants, their job was difficult, but it was worth it. Implications of these findings for future research, practice, policy, and education were drawn