A hybrid power heronian function-based multi-criteria decision-making model for workplace charging scheduling algorithms.

This study proposes a new multi-criteria decision-making model to determine the best smart charging scheduling that meets electric vehicle (EV) user considerations at work-places. An optimal charging station model is incorporated into the decision-making for a quantitative evaluation. The proposed model is based on a hybrid Power Heronian functions in which the linear normalization method is improved by applying the inverse sorting algorithm for rational and objective decision-making. This enables EV users to specify and evaluate multi-criteria for considering their aspects at workplaces. Five different charging scheduling algorithms with AC dual port L2 and DC fast charging electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) are investigated. Based on EV users from the field, the required charging time, EVSE occupancy, the number of EVSE units, and user flexibility are found to have the highest importance degree, while charging cost has the lowest importance degree. The experimental results show that, in terms of meeting EV users' considerations at workplaces, scheduling EVs based on their charging energy needs performs better as compared to scheduling them by their arrival and departure times. While the scheduling alternatives display similar ranking behavior for both EVSE types, the best alternative may differ for the EVSE type. To validate the proposed model, a comparison against three traditional models is performed. It is demonstrated that the proposed model yields the same ranking order as the alternative approaches. Sensitivity analysis validates the best and worst scheduling alternatives