Comparison of Electric Vehicles with the Conventional Cars, and Overviewing the Design Trends for Electric Vehicles (Focused on EV’s with 3Φ Induction Motor)

Electric Vehicles are coming to be the next automotive technology to be widely diffused into the world and to be part of the transportation system. Even though EVs have historically faced barriers, since the beginning of mid-19c, they are expanding nowadays due to their enormous advantages and opportunities including technology advancement, environmental friendliness, smoother ride, safety, cheap maintenance, and running cost. Conventional combustion engine vehicles have many drawbacks related to costs of fuel, environmental pollution, safety, and ride comfort. Thus, many countries have issued policies that encourage the adoption of EVs through research and development plus tax exemption and other initiatives. EVs are getting immense attention from policy makers, researchers, and other stakeholders and thus various car manufacturers are releasing hybrid and full electric vehicles to the market. The market share of battery electric cars is estimated to be 100% in 2035 according to prominent financial organizations like the ING group report. However, the adoption of this technology in developing countries like Ethiopia is very low. Therefore, it is very significant to focus utmost on electric vehicle-related research and development projects to uphold the dynamics of technology in the transportation field. Since the objective of this review is to compare EVs with the conventional ICE ones and overview some design mechanisms of EV’s