Nadzor migracijskih gibanj in migrantov: pogled v zgodovino

The article outlines migration control in Europe from the 18th century to WWI with particular emphasis on its milestones and historical phases. It starts with the control criteria undertaken during the absolu­tism of the early modern period in order to manage migration movements and consolidate the power of the central state. This is followed by a presentation of the liberal attitude towards migrations arising from the French revolution. Over the course of the 19th century this attitude brought about a regime of relatively free transnational migration movements, responding to the rationale of economic liberalism and the international labour market. The third part focuses on state protectionism and interventio­nism following WWI, when the states strengthened their control systems over migration movements and started to govern them in order to protect their national labour markets and according to other national interests.Prispevek je oris nadzora migracij in migrantov od 18. stoletja do prve svetovne vojne, s poudarki na prelomnicah in značilnostih posameznih zgodovinskih faz. Uvodoma predstavlja nadzorne kriterije predmodernega absolutizma, ki si je prizadeval obvladovati migracijska gibanja in jih izkoristiti za krepitev centralne države. Sledi prikaz uveljavljanja liberalnega odnosa do migracij, ki mu je pot odprla francoska revolucija. Ta je v 19. stoletju in obdobju do prve svetovne vojne privedel do režima svobodnih notranjih in meddržavnih migracij, prepuščenih zakonitostim proste ekonomije in med­narodnega delovnega trga. Sledita opisa protekcionizma in intervencionizma, ki sta nastopila po prvi svetovni vojni, ko so države okrepile nadzorne sisteme in z njihovo pomočjo posegale v upravljanje migracij skladno s svojimi nacionalnimi interesi