Phytochemical Screening and Preclinical Evaluation of Anti – Urolithiatic Activity of Musa Paradisiaca Floral Extract on Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis Rat Model

The anti urolithiatic activity of the ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca was assessed by evaluating different biochemical parameters. The administration of ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca to urolithiatic rats significantly recovered the elevated levels of serum parameters like creatinine, uric acid, magnesium, BUN, sodium, potassium, physiological parameters like kidney weights, urine pH and urinary parameters like urine calcium, phosphorus to normal level. The ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca also recovers the decreased levels of urine parameters like creatinine, uric acid, magnesium, sodium, potassium, urine volume and serum parameters like calcium compared to ethylene glycol group. It was found that oral administration of the ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca shows nearly equal effectiveness in treating urolithiasis when compared with urolithiatic rats treated with standard drug cystone.Histopathological studies of the kidney samples confirmed the anti urolithiatic activity of the ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca. In the light of findings and discussion, it can be concluded that Musa paradisiaca have anti-urolithiatic effect in ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic model. It may prevent the deposition of CaOx crystal in the kidney by inhibiting hyperoxaluria-induced peroxidative damage to the surface of renal tubular membrane, which in turn can prevent CaOx crystal attachment and subsequent development of the kidney stones. Therefore, Musa paradisica is found to be useful in preventing the recurrence of the disease as it effects on the early stages of stone development. The mechanism underlying this effect is mediated possibly through an antioxidant property, inhibition of mineralization of stone-forming constituents and prevention of urinary super-saturation. Our study is also in consonance with other studies which reported the presence of saponin and flavonoids to be responsible for the antiurolithiatic activity of herbal drugs. The study suggest that floral part of Musa paradisica are therapeutically effective for the treatment of CaOx stones. The ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca showed significant anti-urolithiatic activity in albino rats. Among that ethanolic extract 400mg/kg showed superior effect than 200mg/kg. The anti urolithiatic activity of extracts of Musa paradisiaca was owing to the presence of its one or more phytoconstituents, which may reduce the calcium and oxalate deposition in the kidney in ethylene glycol treated albino rats. These results offer pharmacological evidence and support on the folkloric use of Musa paradisiaca as an anti urolithiatic agent. This research may prove to be a useful tool for future research to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of this plant for its anti- urolithiatic activity. Also this study suggests further exploration clinical research in problems related to urinary tract